\RequirePackage{mathrsfs} \let\cal\mathscr \let\mathcal\cal
\RequirePackage{amsfonts} \let\frak\mathfrak
\RequirePackage{amssymb}
\RequirePackage{amsbsy}
\RequirePackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{url}

\let\zz\relax % Placing zz in an index entry makes it appear in the
              % index locorum

\def\page#1 {\marginpar{\ifproofmode page #1\fi}\ifhmode\hskip1sp\fi\ignorespaces}
\let\Seite\page
\catcode'337=\active
\defß{\ss}
\def\leftfoot{\ifproofmode\expandafter\RCSstring\eL\fi}%
\def\rightfoot{\ifproofmode\expandafter\RCSstring\oR\fi}%

\def\subsubsubitem{\@idxitem \hspace *{25\p@ }}
\skip\footins=18.5pt plus 3pt minus 2pt

% MAKING A FOOTNOTE MARK WITHIN A SECTION HEADER
% Several problems had to be solved here.  \footnotemark inside
% \section causes unbalanced braces (even with an optional argument).
% If instead we say simply \@makefnmark, the immediately preceding
% \addtocounter{footnote}1 seems to have no effect until after the
% footnote mark, and the size of the footnote mark is too big.  The
% code below was the result of many trial-and-error attempts.

\def\SetFoobar{\gdef\foobar{\normalsize\count9=\arabic{footnote} 
    \def\@thefnmark{\the\count9}\@makefnmark\gdef\foobar{}}} 

\def\viiiONx{\@setfontsize\@footnotesize\@ixpt{11pt}}

\def\cleardoublepage{\clearpage\if@twoside \ifodd\c@page\else
    \hbox{}\thispagestyle{empty}\newpage\if@twocolumn\hbox{}\newpage\fi\fi\fi}

\def\@idxitem  {\par\hangindent 20\p@}
\def\subitem   {\par\hangindent 20\p@ \hspace*{8\p@}}
\def\subsubitem{\par\hangindent 20\p@ \hspace*{14\p@}}

\catcode`~=11 %for definition of \grk
\let\adhoc\relax %this is inserted before the entry in the printout
                 %(but not the mark) in the case of \item; 
                 %it can be defined differently for each index.
\let\moreadhoc\relax %will be \medbreak for index of sources
% this \medbreak must come after the mark, otherwise we get the
\def\theindex{\columnseprule \z@ \columnsep 10pt
\def\prevmark{}
\newif\iffirstentry \firstentrytrue
% previous page's mark when the page break occurs just before \item.
\def\item##1\quad{\ifhmode\unskip\fi\mark{{\prevmark}{##1}}\moreadhoc%
        \iffirstentry\vskip-\baselineskip\fi\firstentryfalse
        \def\prevmark{##1}\@idxitem{\adhoc##1}\mark{{##1}{##1}}\quad}
\font\theitfont pplri8t at 9.0pt \def\textit##1{{\theitfont ##1}}
\font\thescfont pplr8t at 8.0pt \def\bc/{{\thescfont B}.{\thescfont C}.}
\pagestyle{index}
\def\=##1{\accent 9 ##1}
\def\grk{\bgroup\greekmode\ninegr} \def\endgrk{\egroup}
\gdef\greekmode{\catcode`v\active \catcode`V\active \catcode`<=13 \catcode`>=13
 \catcode`'=11 \catcode``=11 \catcode`~=11 \catcode`"=11 \catcode`|=11}%
        \edef\@indexname{%
            \expandafter\the\@nameuse{idxtitle@\@indextype}%
        }%
        \begin{multicols}2 [\@makeschapterhead {\@indexname}
            \noindent\small\indexintro\medbreak] \footnotesize
        \addcontentsline {toc}{chapter}{\protect \numberline {}\@indexname}
        \thispagestyle {empty}
        \parindent \z@ \parskip \z@ plus .2pt\relax 
        \raggedright
\def\~{~} %we don't use \~ as an accent, so (since we replace ~ by \~
          %in Greek words to avoid active character problems) we can
          %make \~ equal to the character ~ within the index.
\newbox\dhbox\setbox\dhbox\hbox{\it\d h}\def\dh/{\copy\dhbox}%
\newbox\dnbox\setbox\dnbox\hbox{\d n}\def\dn/{\copy\dnbox}%
\newbox\dzbox\setbox\dzbox\hbox{\it\d z}\def\dz/{\copy\dzbox}%
}
\catcode`~=\active

\def\indexintro{}
\def\endtheindex{\end{multicols}\clearpage}

\def\thefirst#1#2{#1}
\def\thesecond#1#2{#2}
\def\ps@index{%
  \let\@mkboth\markboth % Instead of \@gobbletwo, for toc
  \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
  \def\@oddhead{\small\upshape\hfil{\footnotesize\expandafter\thesecond\kept@topmark
      \ --- \expandafter\thefirst\kept@botmark}\hskip\tw@ em\thepage}%
  \def\@evenhead{\small\upshape\thepage\hskip\tw@ em{\footnotesize
     \expandafter\thesecond\kept@topmark\ --- \expandafter\thefirst\kept@botmark}\hfill}%
  \def\chaptermark##1{\markbothsame%
    {\ifnum\c@secnumdepth>\m@ne\@chapapp\ \thechapter. \ \fi##1}}%
  \def\sectionmark##1{\markright{\ifnum\c@secnumdepth>\z@\thesection\ \fi
    ##1}}}

\def\ps@indexlast{%
  \let\@mkboth\markboth % Instead of \@gobbletwo, for toc
  \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
  \def\@oddhead{\small\upshape\hfil{\footnotesize\theodd
      \ --- \expandafter\thesecond\topmark}\hskip\tw@ em\thepage}%
  \def\@evenhead{\small\upshape\thepage\hskip\tw@ em{\footnotesize
     \theeven\ --- \expandafter\thefirst\botmark}\hfill}%
  \def\chaptermark##1{\markbothsame%
    {\ifnum\c@secnumdepth>\m@ne\@chapapp\ \thechapter. \ \fi##1}}%
  \def\sectionmark##1{\markright{\ifnum\c@secnumdepth>\z@\thesection\ \fi
    ##1}}}

\let\theeven\relax \let\theodd\relax

\leftmargini=14pt
\leftmarginii=14.5pt
\leftmarginiii=16pt
%\leftmarginiv=15pt % for capital letters
\leftmarginiv=11pt  % for --

\def\tfrac#1#2{{\textstyle\frac{#1}{#2}}}

%\let\atop\@@atop
%\let\atopwithdelims\@@atopwithdelims
%\let\above\@@above
%\let\over\@@over
%\let\emptyset\varnothing

\catcode`\@=\active \def@{\mskip1mu}
\AtBeginDocument{\catcode`\@=\active}
\makeatletter

\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
            \parsep 1\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus1\p@
            \topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
            \itemsep0\p@}
\let\@listi\@listI
\@listi
\def\@listii{\leftmargin \leftmarginii 
        \labelwidth \leftmarginii 
        \advance \labelwidth -\labelsep 
        \topsep 1\p@ \@plus \p@ \@minus \p@ 
        \parsep 1\p@ \@plus \p@ \@minus \p@
         \itemsep 0\p@}

% change from svsing so it appears in italics
\def\subsubsection{\@startsection
    {subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{-12pt plus-4.2pt minus-2.1pt}{6pt}%
        {\xONxii\it\raggedright}}

\def\eqalign#1{\null\,\vcenter{\openup\jot\m@th
  \ialign{\strut\hfil$\displaystyle{##}$&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
      \crcr#1\crcr}}\,}
\def\eqaligntop#1{\null\,\vtop{\openup\jot\m@th
  \ialign{\strut\hfil$\displaystyle{##}$&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
      \crcr#1\crcr}}\,}
\def\eqalignbot#1{\null\,\vbox{\openup\jot\m@th
  \ialign{\strut\hfil$\displaystyle{##}$&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
      \crcr#1\crcr}}\,}

\marginparwidth =100pt
\marginparsep   =8pt
\makeatletter
\long\def \@savemarbox #1#2{%
  \global\setbox #1%
      \vtop{%
        \hsize\marginparwidth
        \@parboxrestore
        \reset@font
        \@setnobreak
        \@setminipage
        \@marginparreset
        \tiny
        \raggedright
        #2%
        \par
        \global\@minipagefalse
%        \outer@nobreak
        }%
}

\def\RCSstring#1$#2 ${#2}
\def\oR{$ $}
\def\eL{$ $}
\newif\ifproofing\proofingtrue
  \def\@oddfoot{\ifproofing{\tiny\leftfoot\hfil\rightfoot}\else\hfil\fi}%
  \def\@evenfoot{\ifproofing{\tiny\leftfoot\hfil\rightfoot}\else\hfil\fi}%

\let\chnum\relax

\newbox\urlbox

\def\@citex [#1]#2{\let \@citea \@empty \@cite {\@for \@citeb :=#2\do {\@citea \def \@citea {,\penalty \@m \ }\edef \@citeb {\expandafter \@firstofone \@citeb \@empty }\if@filesw \immediate \write \@auxout {\string \citation {\@citeb }}\fi \@ifundefined {b@\@citeb }{\mbox {\reset@font \bfseries ?}\G@refundefinedtrue \@latex@warning {Citation `\@citeb ' on page \thepage \space undefined}}{\csname b@\@citeb \endcsname }}}{#1}}

%get rid of \sloppy in footnotes
\def\@parboxrestore{\let\sloppy\relax \@arrayparboxrestore \let \\\@normalcr }
\def\cte[#1]{\cite{#1}}

% make math letters appear in Palatino italics, numbers in Palatino
\SetSymbolFont{operators}   {normal}{OT1}{ppl}{m}{n}
\SetSymbolFont{letters}     {normal}{OT1}{ppl}{m}{it}
\mathcode`\/="8000 {\catcode`\/=\active \gdef/{\hbox{\char`\/}}}

\def\see#1*#2{{\em see} \ #1}
\def\passim#1*#2{{\em passim}#1}
\def\seealso#1*#2{{\em see also} \ #1}
\def\seeunder#1*#2{{\em see under} \ #1}
\def\seealsounder#1*#2{{\em see also under} \ #1}
\def\ed#1*#2{\unskip\discretionary{}{\kern-9pt}{\kern4pt}({\em refs.~to\/} #1)}
\def\eded#1*#2{\kern-9pt({\em refs.~to\/} #1)}
\def\passages#1*#2{{\em passages on p.~}\pageref{#1}}

% modifies the definition of \@wrindex when inside a footnote
\def\@footnotetext#1{\insert\footins{\reset@font\resetwrindex0\thefootnote\footnotesize
    \interlinepenalty \interfootnotelinepenalty \splittopskip
    \footnotesep \splitmaxdepth \dp \strutbox \floatingpenalty \@MM
    \hsize \columnwidth \@parboxrestore \protected@edef \@currentlabel
           {\csname p@footnote\endcsname \@thefnmark
           }\color@begingroup \@makefntext {\rule \z@ \footnotesep
             \ignorespaces #1\@finalstrut \strutbox \endgraf}\color@endgroup }} 

% the following redefinition of \@wrindex adds n\thefootnote after \thepage
\def\resetwrindex#1#2{%
\def\@wrindex##1##2{%
    \begingroup
        \let\thepage\relax
        \def\@tempa{##2}%
        \edef\@tempa{%
           \write\@auxout{%
              \string\@vwritefile{##1}{%
                  \string\indexentry{\@nearverbatim\@tempa}{\thepage^#1^#2}%
              }%
           }%
        }%
    \expandafter\endgroup\@tempa
    \if@nobreak\ifvmode\nobreak\fi\fi
}
}

\def\bobl<#1!#2>{#1\def\@gtempa{#2}\ifx\@gtempa\@empty
  \else!\allowbreak\bobk<#2>\fi}
\def\bobk<#1!>{#1}

{\catcode`\@\active\gdef\supersanitizeat{\def@{\char`\@\allowbreak}}}
% modified from index.sty by the addition of \hfuzz100pt \par
\def\@showidx#1{%
    \insert\@indexbox{%
        \supersanitizeat
        \the\indexproofstyle
        \hsize\marginparwidth
        \hangindent\marginparsep \parindent\z@
        \everypar{}\let\par\@@par \parfillskip\@flushglue
        \lineskip\normallineskip
        \baselineskip .8\normalbaselineskip\sloppy
        \raggedright \leavevmode
        \vrule \@height .7\normalbaselineskip \@width \z@\relax\bobl<#1!>\relax
        \vrule \@height\z@ \@depth.3\normalbaselineskip \@width\z@\relax
        \hfuzz100pt \par
    }%
    \ifhmode\penalty\@M \hskip\z@skip\fi
}

% print always on the left (avoid conflict with page number)
\def\@mkidx{%
    \vbox to \z@{%
        \rlap{%
            \@leftidx
            \box\@indexbox
        }%
        \vss
    }%
}
\let\@texttop\@mkidx

\let\@@caption\caption
\def\caption{\resetwrindex{1}{0}\@@caption}
\def\uncaption{\def\@makecaption##1##2{\vskip6pt\small\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{##2}\ifdim\wd\@tempboxa>\hsize\unhbox\@tempboxa\hfil\par\else\hbox
    to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}\fi}\addtocounter{figure}{-1}\caption}

\catcode`\^=12
\newcommand{\fnote}[2][a]{\addtocounter{footnote}{-1}\begingroup
        \def\thempfn{\arabic{footnote}#1}%
        \def\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}^#1}\footnote{#2}\endgroup}
\catcode`\^=7 
\def\mopar#1{\unskip\rlap{\hskip\marginparsep\vtop{\hsize=\marginparwidth
        \tiny \raggedright #1\endgraf}}}

\def\akern{\kern-.15em} %between open quotes and A
\def\>{/\allowbreak}

\def\chord{\mathop{\mathrm{chord}}}
\advance\topmargin-.05\textheight
\advance\textwidth.2\textwidth
\advance\oddsidemargin-.25in
\advance\evensidemargin-.25in

\hyphenation{
le-jeune
cleo-medes
anon-y-mous
Alex-an-dria Alex-an-drian 
meso-potamia meso-potamian 
Pytha-gorean Alex-an-der
Archi-medes
}

\def\marginparstyle{\tiny\normalfont\raggedright}
\marginparwidth1in

\font\AdobeSymbol=psyro at 12pt
\def\epsilon{\hbox{\AdobeSymbol e}}
\def\cf/{compare}
\def\Cf/{Compare}
\def\am/{\textsc{a.m.}}
\def\bc/{\textsc{b.c.}}
\def\ad/{\textsc{a.d.}}
\def\ac/{\textsc{b.c.}}
\def\dc/{\textsc{a.d.}}
\def\yh/{\textsc{y.h.}}
\def\etc{etc.}

\def\emdash{\unskip\thinspace---\hskip.16667em\ignorespaces}

\newenvironment{grk}
               {\begingreek\ifdim\ht\strutbox>10pt\twelvegr\else\ninegr\fi}
               {\endgreek}

\theoremstyle{remark}
\newtheorem{prop}{Proposition}
\def\theprop{\unskip}
\newtheorem{cor}{Corollary}
\newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}
\newtheorem{postulate}[prop]{Postulate}

\def\hyperactivelabels{\small}
\fboxsep0pt

\indexproofstyle{\tiny\rightskip 0pt plus 20pt \hfuzz 120pt}

\def\tableofcontents{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
  \fi\chapter*{Contents}\markbothsame{Contents}%
  \vspace*{-18pt}\@starttoc{toc}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}

\def\l@section{\@dottedtocline {1}{1.5em}{2.6em}}

\def\@crosshairs{\vbox to 0pt{\special{ps: gsave 1 setgray}\rlap{.}\vss
    \special{ps:grestore}}} 
% removed corner marks at Springer's request; an empty box does not
%    work, because it causes an empty page (on blank pages) which are
%    incorrectly converted by ps2pdf leading to bad PDF code.

% for the use of Helvetica because it appears in a caption and must be
%    embedded in the PS file.
\font\Helvetica=phvr8r at 12pt
\font\HelveticaOb=phvro8r at 12pt
\def\helv{\hbox{\Helvetica e}}
\def\helvob{\hbox{\HelveticaOb e}}

% the usual definition in my url.sty sets the ~ too low in Palatino.
        \def\homedir{\kern-.1em\lower.1ex\hbox{\char`\~}}

% hack to allow the easy processing of ^^hex constructs placed in the index.
\def\plump#1{\uppercase{\char"#1}}