A celebrated 19th century result of Cayley and Salmon is that a smooth cubic surface over the complex numbers contains exactly 27 lines. Over the real numbers, the number of lines depends on the surface, but Segre showed that a certain signed count is always 3. We extend this count to an arbitrary field using A1-homotopy theory: we define an Euler number in the Grothendieck-Witt group for a relatively oriented algebraic vector bundle as a sum of local degrees, and then generalize the count of lines to a cubic surface over an arbitrary field. This is joint work with Jesse Leo Kass

The solutions in \mathbb{C} to a system of polynomial equations form a nice topological space which is useful even for studying solutions to the polynomials over smaller fields such as R or even Q. To study solutions over Q or characteristic p fields, it is more useful to replace the notion of topological space with an object in a suitable category where one can do homotopy theory, such as the Morel-Voevodsky category for A^1 homotopy theory, and pro-spaces, where one has the étale homotopy type of a scheme. We will define A^1 homotopy theory, étale topological type, and an étale realization between them of Isaksen. We will use this to discuss Grothendieck's anabelian conjectures and obstructions to solutions to polynomial equations